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Einstein 1905: From “Energy quanta” to “Light quanta” – International Year of Light Blog
“The energy of a light ray spreading out from a point source is not continuously distributed over an increasing space [wave theory of light] but consists of a finite number of energy quanta which are localized at points in space, which move without dividing, and which can only be produced and absorbed as complete units.”…
https://light2015blog.org/2015/11/23/einstein-1905-from-energy-quanta-to-light-quanta/
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Photon - Wikipedia
A photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual photons). The photon has zero rest mass and always moves at the speed of light within a vacuum.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon
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Quanta and Wave-Particle Duality - Quantum Theory and the Uncertainty Principle - The Physics of the Universe
The Physics of the Universe - Quantum Theory and the Uncertainty Principle - Quanta and Wave-Particle Duality
http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/topics_quantum_quanta.html
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Einstein Theory
Historians still call the year 1905 the annus mirabilis, the miracle year because in that year Einstein published four remarkable scientific papers ranging from the smallest scale to the largest, through fundamental problems about the nature of energy, matter, motion, time and space.
http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/History_n2/index_n2/einstein_theory.html
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SparkNotes: Albert Einstein: Quantum Theory
A summary of Quantum Theory in 's Albert Einstein. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Albert Einstein and what it means. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans.
http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/einstein/section9.rhtml
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Albert Einstein: Why Light is Quantum - YouTube
Pi day (3.14) is Albert Einstein's Birthday! To celebrate, we'll explain 4 of his most groundbreaking papers from 1905, when he was just 26 years old. minute...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSgIDgGpRpk
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Physics: Quantum Theory: Albert Einstein: Explaining Albert Einstein's Light Quanta 'Photon' of Quantum Theory
Albert Einstein on Quantum Physics / Quantum Theory: The Spherical Standing Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) explains Albert Einstein's Light Quanta 'Photon' / Photoelectric Effect of Quantum Theory. Albert Einstein Biography, Quotes, Pictures.
http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Physics-Albert-Einstein-Quantum-Theory.htm
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6.2: Quantized Energy and Photons - Chemistry LibreTexts
Blackbody radiation is the radiation emitted by hot objects and could not be explained with classical physics. Max Planck postulated that energy was quantized and may be emitted or absorbed only in …
https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Map:_Chemistry:_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/06._Electronic_Structure_of_Atoms/6.2:_Quantized_Energy_and_Photons
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Photons and Energy Quanta - Albert Einstein CVMS
In 1905, Einstein wrote a paper stating that light itself consists of localized particles. His idea was rejected everywhere. It was only accepted when Robert Millikan did many detailed experiments on photoelectric effect. His idea explained many results during scientific experiments.
https://sites.google.com/site/cvmsalberte/photons-and-energy-quanta-1
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Einstein on the Photoelectric Effect - David Cassidy
Light and other electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves, are obviously waves—or so everyone thought. Maxwell and Lorentz had firmly established the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation in electromagnetic theory.
https://history.aip.org/exhibits/einstein/essay-photoelectric.htm
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Two Light Equations: Part Two - E = hν
There are two equations concerning light that are usually taught in high school. Typically, both are taught without any derivation as to why they are the way they are. That is what I will do in the following.
https://www.chemteam.info/Electrons/LightEquations2.html
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The Dual Nature of Light as Reflected in the Nobel Archives
Nobelprize.org, The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/themes/physics/ekspong/
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Photons and Light
We learned on the light page that light has the unique characteristic of behaving like both a wave and a particle at the same time. We then learned some of the ways that light behaves like a wave.
http://www.ducksters.com/science/physics/photons.php
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The Nature of Light | Boundless Chemistry
n many cases, the properties of light can be explained as a wave, as was shown in Young’s double-slit experiment.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/the-nature-of-light/
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What exactly is a photon? Definition, properties, facts
Let's shine some light on the matter.
http://www.zmescience.com/science/what-is-photon-definition-04322/
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Is Light a Wave or a Particle? | WIRED
Is light a wave or a particle? Well, it's not a particle. The photoelectric effect can be explained with a wave model for light and a quantum model for matter.
https://www.wired.com/2013/07/is-light-a-wave-or-a-particle
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Einstein and the Quantum
We review here the main contributions of Einstein to the quantum theory. To put them
in perspective we first give an account of Physics as it was before him.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0510180.pdf
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What Is Quantum Mechanics?
Quantum mechanics is the body of scientific laws that describe the wacky behavior of photons, electrons and the other particles that make up the universe.
https://www.livescience.com/33816-quantum-mechanics-explanation.html
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Einstein’s Photons | SpringerLink
The development of the quantum ideas themselves occurred in discrete jumps, quantum leaps of the creative insights of a few people. The next significant progress came in 1905, five years after Planck
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-0527-3_4
