COPD

Reece Brad

@thesishelp

Causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and criteria, treatments and prognoses for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a condition commonly associated with smoking.

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Reece Brad

@thesishelp

Causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and criteria, treatments and prognoses for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a condition commonly associated with smoking.

What is COPD? Symptoms and Risk Factors - COPD Foundation

What is COPD? Learn more about COPD, COPD symptoms and risk factors and progressive lung diseases such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma.
http://www.copdfoundation.org/What-is-COPD/Understanding-COPD/What-is-COPD.aspx
Information on COPD - COPDGene

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. COPD affects many aspects of a person's health. COPD is a preventable and treatable disease. Its pulmonary component is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible even with the use of bronchodilator medication.
http://www.copdgene.org/information-copd
American Thoracic Society - What Is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) describes a group of lung conditions (diseases) that make it difficult to empty the air out of the lungs.
http://www.thoracic.org/copd-guidelines/for-patients/what-is-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd.php
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), and chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), among others, is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by chronically poor airflow.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease
What is COPD? Life Expectancy, Treatment, Symptoms - Healthline

COPD kills over 120,000 Americans annually-the equivalent of one death every four minutes. Early prevention and treatment can be key to avoiding serious problems.
http://www.healthline.com/health/copd
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) - WebMD

What is COPD? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of long - term (chronic) lung diseases that makes it hard to breathe.
http://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/tc/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-overview
About COPD Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Exacerbations - COPD

Learn about COPD symptoms, diagnosis, and exacerbations with tips, facts, and a deeper look at the stages of COPD. Get support today for your COPD management.
http://www.copd.com/about-copd
CDC: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. It includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and in some cases asthma.
http://www.cdc.gov/copd/index.html
COPD - American Lung Association

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, is a chronic lung disease that makes it hard to breathe.
http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/
COPD - Mayo Clinic

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, treatment of this lung disease.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/basics/definition/con-20032017
What Is COPD? - NHLBI, NIH

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary (PULL-mun-ary) disease, is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. "Progressive" means the disease gets worse over time.
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/copd
COPD Foundation - Take Action Today. Breathe Better Tomorrow

COPD Foundation provides COPD patients and families with information on COPD, treatment resources, support programs and an advocacy center.
http://www.copdfoundation.org

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Other names	Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD)

Section of a lung showing centrilobular emphysema, with enlarged airspaces in the centre of a lobule usually caused by smoking and a major feature of COPD
Specialty	Pulmonology
Symptoms	Shortness of breath, chronic cough^[1] Sputum production
Complications	Anxiety, depression, pulmonary heart disease, pneumothorax^[2]^[1]
Usual onset	Over 35 years old^[1]
Duration	Long term^[1]
Causes	Tobacco smoking, air pollution, genetics^[3]
Diagnostic method	Spirometry^[4]
Differential diagnosis	Asthma, congestive heart failure, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, obliterative bronchiolitis, diffuse panbronchiolitis^[5]
Prevention	Stopping smoking, improving indoor and outdoor air quality, tobacco control measures^[3]^[6]
Treatment	Pulmonary rehabilitation, long-term oxygen therapy, lung volume reduction,^[6]
Medication	Inhaled bronchodilators and steroids^[6]
Frequency	213 million (2021);^[7] 2.7% of global population^[7]
Deaths	3.65 million (2021);^[8] 5% of global deaths^[3]

Source : Wikipedia under CC-BY-SA license

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What is COPD? Symptoms and Risk Factors - COPD Foundation

What is COPD? Learn more about COPD, COPD symptoms and risk factors and progressive lung diseases such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma.
http://www.copdfoundation.org/What-is-COPD/Understanding-COPD/What-is-COPD.aspx
Information on COPD - COPDGene

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. COPD affects many aspects of a person's health. COPD is a preventable and treatable disease. Its pulmonary component is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible even with the use of bronchodilator medication.
http://www.copdgene.org/information-copd
American Thoracic Society - What Is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) describes a group of lung conditions (diseases) that make it difficult to empty the air out of the lungs.
http://www.thoracic.org/copd-guidelines/for-patients/what-is-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd.php
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), and chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), among others, is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by chronically poor airflow.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease
What is COPD? Life Expectancy, Treatment, Symptoms - Healthline

COPD kills over 120,000 Americans annually-the equivalent of one death every four minutes. Early prevention and treatment can be key to avoiding serious problems.
http://www.healthline.com/health/copd
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) - WebMD

What is COPD? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of long - term (chronic) lung diseases that makes it hard to breathe.
http://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/tc/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-overview
About COPD Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Exacerbations - COPD

Learn about COPD symptoms, diagnosis, and exacerbations with tips, facts, and a deeper look at the stages of COPD. Get support today for your COPD management.
http://www.copd.com/about-copd
CDC: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. It includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and in some cases asthma.
http://www.cdc.gov/copd/index.html
COPD - American Lung Association

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, is a chronic lung disease that makes it hard to breathe.
http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/
COPD - Mayo Clinic

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, treatment of this lung disease.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/basics/definition/con-20032017
What Is COPD? - NHLBI, NIH

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary (PULL-mun-ary) disease, is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. "Progressive" means the disease gets worse over time.
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/copd
COPD Foundation - Take Action Today. Breathe Better Tomorrow

COPD Foundation provides COPD patients and families with information on COPD, treatment resources, support programs and an advocacy center.
http://www.copdfoundation.org

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Other names	Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD)

Section of a lung showing centrilobular emphysema, with enlarged airspaces in the centre of a lobule usually caused by smoking and a major feature of COPD
Specialty	Pulmonology
Symptoms	Shortness of breath, chronic cough^[1] Sputum production
Complications	Anxiety, depression, pulmonary heart disease, pneumothorax^[2]^[1]
Usual onset	Over 35 years old^[1]
Duration	Long term^[1]
Causes	Tobacco smoking, air pollution, genetics^[3]
Diagnostic method	Spirometry^[4]
Differential diagnosis	Asthma, congestive heart failure, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, obliterative bronchiolitis, diffuse panbronchiolitis^[5]
Prevention	Stopping smoking, improving indoor and outdoor air quality, tobacco control measures^[3]^[6]
Treatment	Pulmonary rehabilitation, long-term oxygen therapy, lung volume reduction,^[6]
Medication	Inhaled bronchodilators and steroids^[6]
Frequency	213 million (2021);^[7] 2.7% of global population^[7]
Deaths	3.65 million (2021);^[8] 5% of global deaths^[3]

Source : Wikipedia under CC-BY-SA license

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COPD

Causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and criteria, treatments and prognoses for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a condition commonly associated with smoking.

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