Sickle Cell Disease

Reece Brad

@thesishelp

Causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and criteria, treatments and prognoses for sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder that results in sickle-shaped red blood cells.

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Reece Brad

@thesishelp

Causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and criteria, treatments and prognoses for sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder that results in sickle-shaped red blood cells.

Sickle Cell Disease, Topic Overview - WebMD

Sickle cell disease changes normal, round red blood cells into cells that can be shaped like crescent moons. The name "sickle cell" comes from the crescent shape of the cells. (A sickle is a tool with a crescent-shaped blade.)
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/sickle-cell-disease-topic-overview
Learning About Sickle Cell Disease - NIH

Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. Approximately 100,000 Americans have the disease.
https://www.genome.gov/10001219/learning-about-sickle-cell-disease/
What Is Sickle Cell Disease? - NIH

The term sickle cell disease (SCD) describes a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. People with SCD have abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in their red blood cells.
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca
Facts About Sickle Cell Disease - CDC

SCD is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. Healthy red blood cells are round, and they move through small blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. In someone who has SCD, the red blood cells become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a âsickleâ.
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/facts.html
Sickle Cell Information Center

The mission of this site is to provide sickle cell patient and professional education, news, research updates and world wide sickle cell resources.
https://scinfo.org
Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, Inc.

Find sickle-cell disease news, information and more online here.
http://www.sicklecelldisease.org
Sickle Cell Disease - CDC

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is working toward developing a comprehensive public health agenda to promote and improve the health of people with blood disorders.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/index.html
Sickle Cell Disease Information - Center for Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease, often called sickle cell anemia or just "sickle cell", is an inherited condition that affects hemoglobin within the red blood cells. The presence of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) leads to the formation of crescent or sickle-shaped cells that are rigid and sticky and which tend to occlude (clog or close up) small blood vessels. Depending on the organ involved, this occlusion leads to episodes of pain, death of tissue and serious complications.
http://www.sicklecell.howard.edu/information.htm
Sickle Cell Disease - Genetics Home Reference

Sickle cell disease is a group of disorders that affects hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. People with this disorder have atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle, or crescent, shape.
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sickle-cell-disease
Sickle Cell Disease - Kid's Health

Thanks to advancements in early diagnosis and treatment, most kids born with sickle cell disease grow up to live relatively healthy and productive lives.
http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sickle-cell-anemia.html
Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, Inc. - SCDAA

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. People with sickle cell disease have red blood cells that contain mostly hemoglobin* S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Sometimes these red blood cells become sickle-shaped (crescent shaped) and have difficulty passing through small blood vessels. Learn more here.
http://www.sicklecelldisease.org/index.cfm?page=about-scd
Sickle Cell Anemia: Learn About SCD Symptoms and Treatment - Medicine Net

Read about sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease), a blood disease which shortens life expectancy, is caused by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin. Symptoms may include bacterial infections, painful swelling of the hands and feet, fever, arthritis, leg ulcers, fatigue, anemia, eye damage, and lung and heart injury. Treatment for sickle cell anemia aims to manage and prevent the worst manifestations of the disease and focuses on therapies that block red blood cells from stacking together, which can lead to tissue and organ damage.
http://www.medicinenet.com/sickle_cell/article.htm
Sickle Cell Anemia - Mayo Clinic

Sickle cell anemia - Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, treatment of this blood disorder.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sickle-cell-anemia/basics/definition/con-20019348
Sickle-cell Disease - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Wikipedia's information about sickle-cell disease.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle-cell_disease
Sickle Cell Anaemia - NHS Choices

Sickle cell anaemia is a serious inherited blood disorder where the red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body, develop abnormally.
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Sickle-cell-anaemia/Pages/Introduction.aspx

Comments

Sickle cell disease
Other names	Sickle cell disorder; drepanocytosis (dated)

Figure (A) shows normal red blood cells flowing freely through a blood vessel. The inset shows a cross-section of a normal red blood cell with normal haemoglobin. Figure (B) shows abnormal, sickled red blood cells sticking at the branching point in a blood vessel. The inset image shows a cross-section of a sickle cell with long polymerized sickle haemoglobin (HbS) strands stretching and distorting the cell shape to look like a crescent moon.
Specialty	Hematology, medical genetics
Symptoms	Attacks of pain, anemia, swelling in the hands and feet, bacterial infections, stroke^[1]
Complications	Chronic pain, stroke, aseptic bone necrosis, gallstones, leg ulcers, priapism, pulmonary hypertension, vision problems, kidney problems^[2]
Usual onset	5–6 months of age^[1]
Causes	Genetic, Homozygous mutation in the hemoglobin S gene.^[3]
Risk factors	Ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa, India, the Arab Gulf states or Sicily^[4]^[5]
Diagnostic method	Blood test^[6]
Treatment	Vaccination, antibiotics, high fluid intake, folic acid supplementation, pain medication, blood transfusions^[7]^[8]
Prognosis	Life expectancy 40–60 years (developed world)^[2]
Frequency	7.7 million (2021)^[9]
Deaths	34,000 p.a. (a contributory factor to a further 376,000 p.a.)^[9]

Source : Wikipedia under CC-BY-SA license

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Sickle Cell Disease, Topic Overview - WebMD

Sickle cell disease changes normal, round red blood cells into cells that can be shaped like crescent moons. The name "sickle cell" comes from the crescent shape of the cells. (A sickle is a tool with a crescent-shaped blade.)
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/sickle-cell-disease-topic-overview
Learning About Sickle Cell Disease - NIH

Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. Approximately 100,000 Americans have the disease.
https://www.genome.gov/10001219/learning-about-sickle-cell-disease/
What Is Sickle Cell Disease? - NIH

The term sickle cell disease (SCD) describes a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. People with SCD have abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in their red blood cells.
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca
Facts About Sickle Cell Disease - CDC

SCD is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. Healthy red blood cells are round, and they move through small blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. In someone who has SCD, the red blood cells become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a âsickleâ.
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/facts.html
Sickle Cell Information Center

The mission of this site is to provide sickle cell patient and professional education, news, research updates and world wide sickle cell resources.
https://scinfo.org
Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, Inc.

Find sickle-cell disease news, information and more online here.
http://www.sicklecelldisease.org
Sickle Cell Disease - CDC

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is working toward developing a comprehensive public health agenda to promote and improve the health of people with blood disorders.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/index.html
Sickle Cell Disease Information - Center for Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease, often called sickle cell anemia or just "sickle cell", is an inherited condition that affects hemoglobin within the red blood cells. The presence of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) leads to the formation of crescent or sickle-shaped cells that are rigid and sticky and which tend to occlude (clog or close up) small blood vessels. Depending on the organ involved, this occlusion leads to episodes of pain, death of tissue and serious complications.
http://www.sicklecell.howard.edu/information.htm
Sickle Cell Disease - Genetics Home Reference

Sickle cell disease is a group of disorders that affects hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. People with this disorder have atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle, or crescent, shape.
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sickle-cell-disease
Sickle Cell Disease - Kid's Health

Thanks to advancements in early diagnosis and treatment, most kids born with sickle cell disease grow up to live relatively healthy and productive lives.
http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sickle-cell-anemia.html
Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, Inc. - SCDAA

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. People with sickle cell disease have red blood cells that contain mostly hemoglobin* S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Sometimes these red blood cells become sickle-shaped (crescent shaped) and have difficulty passing through small blood vessels. Learn more here.
http://www.sicklecelldisease.org/index.cfm?page=about-scd
Sickle Cell Anemia: Learn About SCD Symptoms and Treatment - Medicine Net

Read about sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease), a blood disease which shortens life expectancy, is caused by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin. Symptoms may include bacterial infections, painful swelling of the hands and feet, fever, arthritis, leg ulcers, fatigue, anemia, eye damage, and lung and heart injury. Treatment for sickle cell anemia aims to manage and prevent the worst manifestations of the disease and focuses on therapies that block red blood cells from stacking together, which can lead to tissue and organ damage.
http://www.medicinenet.com/sickle_cell/article.htm
Sickle Cell Anemia - Mayo Clinic

Sickle cell anemia - Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, treatment of this blood disorder.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sickle-cell-anemia/basics/definition/con-20019348
Sickle-cell Disease - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Wikipedia's information about sickle-cell disease.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle-cell_disease
Sickle Cell Anaemia - NHS Choices

Sickle cell anaemia is a serious inherited blood disorder where the red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body, develop abnormally.
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Sickle-cell-anaemia/Pages/Introduction.aspx

Sickle cell disease
Other names	Sickle cell disorder; drepanocytosis (dated)

Figure (A) shows normal red blood cells flowing freely through a blood vessel. The inset shows a cross-section of a normal red blood cell with normal haemoglobin. Figure (B) shows abnormal, sickled red blood cells sticking at the branching point in a blood vessel. The inset image shows a cross-section of a sickle cell with long polymerized sickle haemoglobin (HbS) strands stretching and distorting the cell shape to look like a crescent moon.
Specialty	Hematology, medical genetics
Symptoms	Attacks of pain, anemia, swelling in the hands and feet, bacterial infections, stroke^[1]
Complications	Chronic pain, stroke, aseptic bone necrosis, gallstones, leg ulcers, priapism, pulmonary hypertension, vision problems, kidney problems^[2]
Usual onset	5–6 months of age^[1]
Causes	Genetic, Homozygous mutation in the hemoglobin S gene.^[3]
Risk factors	Ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa, India, the Arab Gulf states or Sicily^[4]^[5]
Diagnostic method	Blood test^[6]
Treatment	Vaccination, antibiotics, high fluid intake, folic acid supplementation, pain medication, blood transfusions^[7]^[8]
Prognosis	Life expectancy 40–60 years (developed world)^[2]
Frequency	7.7 million (2021)^[9]
Deaths	34,000 p.a. (a contributory factor to a further 376,000 p.a.)^[9]

Source : Wikipedia under CC-BY-SA license

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Sickle Cell Disease

Causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and criteria, treatments and prognoses for sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder that results in sickle-shaped red blood cells.

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