Economy

Kelvin Rearden

@kelvinrearden90

Information about the economy--currency, gross domestic product (GDP) and development programs and challenges--of each European country and the economy of the continent as a whole.

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Kelvin Rearden

@kelvinrearden90

Information about the economy--currency, gross domestic product (GDP) and development programs and challenges--of each European country and the economy of the continent as a whole.

Europe's Economy Needs Action, Not Words - Bloomberg View

Governments need to enact fiscal policy and financial reform.
http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-09-04/europe-s-economy-needs-action-not-words
The Economy of Europe - Study

After watching this video, you will be able to describe the economy of Europe, including how countries of Europe work together economically.
http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-economy-of-europe.html
European Economic Review - Elsevier

Established in 1969, European Economic Review is one of the oldest general-interest economics journals for all of Europe.
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/european-economic-review
EUROPA - The economy

Key facts and figures on living in the EU: size and population, quality of life, education, languages, attitudes towards the EU.
http://europa.eu/about-eu/facts-figures/economy/index_en.htm
Eurozone crisis - Business - The Guardian

Understanding the Eurozone crisis in Europe.
http://www.theguardian.com/business/debt-crisis
Three reasons to cheer Europe's economy

Europe has been a top risk for the world economy for years. Is that about to change?
http://money.cnn.com/2015/03/05/news/economy/europe-economy-recovery
Europe's Economy - CNN Money

Europe's economy is set to remain in recession through 2013, making it harder for eurozone nations such as Spain, Italy and possibly even France to hit critical financial targets.
http://money.cnn.com/news/economy/europe/
European Economy - European Commission

European Economy contains major reports and communications from the Commission to the Council and the Parliament on the economic situation and economic developments.
http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/european_economy/index_en.htm
European Economy - The Economist

The Economist describes the European Economy.
http://www.economist.com/topics/european-economy
Economy of the European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The economy of the European Union generates a GDP (nominal) of about 14.303 trillion (US$18.451 trillion in 2014) and a GDP (PPP) of about -12.710 trillion (US$16.773 trillion in 2014) according to International Monetary Fund, which makes it the largest or second largest economy in the world respectively if treated as the economy of a single country depending on a source used.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union
Economy of Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Economy of Europe comprises more than 731 million people in 48 different countries. Like other continents, the wealth of Europe's states varies, although the poorest are well above the poorest states of other continents in terms of GDP and living standards.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Europe

Comments

Economy of the European Union
Statistics
The Paris metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the EU both in terms of population and GDP.
Currency	Euro (EUR, €) and 7 others
Fiscal year	Calendar year
Trade organisations	WTO, G20, G7 and others
Country group	Developed/Advanced^[1] High-income economy^[2] Welfare state^[3]^[4]^[5]
Population	449,306,184 (EU27, 2024 est.)^[6]
GDP	$20.287 trillion (nominal; 2025)^[7] $29.005 trillion (PPP; 2025)^[7]
GDP growth	0.6% (2023)^[8] 1.0% (2024)^[8] 1.4% (2025f)^[8] 1.7% (2026f)^[8]
GDP per capita	$43,185 (nominal; 2024)^[a] $64,680 (PPP; 2025)^[7]
GDP by sector	Agriculture: 1.7% Industry: 23.3% Services: 65.5% (2023 est.)^[9]
Inflation ( CPI)	6.3% (2023)^[7] 2.6% (2024f)^[7] 2.3% (2025f)^[7] 2.1% (2026f)^[7]
Population below poverty line	21.3% at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE for EU27, 2023)^[10]
Gini coefficient	29.6 low (EU27, 2023)^[11]
Human Development Index	0.903^[b] very high HDI (2022)^[12] 0.829^[b] very high IHDI (2022)^[13]
Labour force	214,195,000 (EU27, 2024 Q4)^[14] 167,385,000 (EA20, 2024 Q4)^[14] 75.3% employment rate (EU27, 2024 Q4)^[14] 75.3% employment rate (EA20, 2024 Q4)^[14]
Labour force by occupation	Agriculture: 5% Industry: 21.9% Services: 73.1% (2014 est.)^[9]
Unemployment	5.7% (EU27, February 2025)^[15] 6.1% (EA20, February 2025)^[15] 14.5% youth unemployment^[c] (EU27, February 2025)^[15]
Average gross salary	€3,417 monthly (2023)^[16]
Average net salary	€2,352 monthly (2023)^[16]
Main industries	Ferrous non-ferrous metal metal products petroleum coal cement chemicals pharmaceuticals aerospace railway equipment automobile construction equipment industrial equipment shipbuilding electrical equipment machine tools automated systems electronics telecommunications equipment fishing food and beverages furniture paper textiles^[9]
External
Exports	$2.797 trillion (2024)^[17]
Export goods	machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, fuels, aircraft, plastics, iron and steel, wood pulp and paper products, alcoholic beverages, furniture
Main export partners	United States 20.6% United Kingdom 13.2% China^[d] 8.3% Switzerland 7.5% Turkey 4.3% (2024)^[18]
Imports	$2.635 trillion (2024)^[17]
Import goods	fuels and crude oil, machinery, vehicles, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, precious gemstones, textiles, aircraft, plastics, metals, ships
Main import partners	China^[d] 21.3% United States 13.7% United Kingdom 6.7% Switzerland 5.6% Norway 4.0% (2024)^[18]
FDI stock	€14.462 trillion (inward, 2023)^[19] €17.021 trillion (outward, 2023)^[19]
Current account	€161.6 billion; 1.1% of GDP (2015)^[20]
Gross external debt	$13.05 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)^[9]
Net international investment position	−€2,557.4 billion; 17.5% of GDP (2015)^[21]
Public finances
Government debt	88.1% of GDP (EU27; 2021)^[22] €12.741 trillion (EU27; 2021)^[22]
Foreign reserves	$0.6 trillion (2010)^[23]
Budget balance	€675.8 billion deficit (EU27; 2021)^[22] −4.7% of GDP (2021)^[22]
Revenues	46.9% of GDP (EU27; 2021)^[22]
Expenses	51.6% of GDP (EU27; 2021)^[22]
Economic aid	donor: ODA, $87.64 billion^[25]
Credit rating	Standard & Poor's:^[26] AA Outlook: Stable Moody's:^[26] AAA Outlook: Stable Fitch:^[26] AAA Outlook: Stable Scope:^[27] AAA Outlook: Stable
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

Source : Wikipedia under CC-BY-SA license

Links
Media

Europe's Economy Needs Action, Not Words - Bloomberg View

Governments need to enact fiscal policy and financial reform.
http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-09-04/europe-s-economy-needs-action-not-words
The Economy of Europe - Study

After watching this video, you will be able to describe the economy of Europe, including how countries of Europe work together economically.
http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-economy-of-europe.html
European Economic Review - Elsevier

Established in 1969, European Economic Review is one of the oldest general-interest economics journals for all of Europe.
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/european-economic-review
EUROPA - The economy

Key facts and figures on living in the EU: size and population, quality of life, education, languages, attitudes towards the EU.
http://europa.eu/about-eu/facts-figures/economy/index_en.htm
Eurozone crisis - Business - The Guardian

Understanding the Eurozone crisis in Europe.
http://www.theguardian.com/business/debt-crisis
Three reasons to cheer Europe's economy

Europe has been a top risk for the world economy for years. Is that about to change?
http://money.cnn.com/2015/03/05/news/economy/europe-economy-recovery
Europe's Economy - CNN Money

Europe's economy is set to remain in recession through 2013, making it harder for eurozone nations such as Spain, Italy and possibly even France to hit critical financial targets.
http://money.cnn.com/news/economy/europe/
European Economy - European Commission

European Economy contains major reports and communications from the Commission to the Council and the Parliament on the economic situation and economic developments.
http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/european_economy/index_en.htm
European Economy - The Economist

The Economist describes the European Economy.
http://www.economist.com/topics/european-economy
Economy of the European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The economy of the European Union generates a GDP (nominal) of about 14.303 trillion (US$18.451 trillion in 2014) and a GDP (PPP) of about -12.710 trillion (US$16.773 trillion in 2014) according to International Monetary Fund, which makes it the largest or second largest economy in the world respectively if treated as the economy of a single country depending on a source used.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union
Economy of Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Economy of Europe comprises more than 731 million people in 48 different countries. Like other continents, the wealth of Europe's states varies, although the poorest are well above the poorest states of other continents in terms of GDP and living standards.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Europe

Economy of the European Union
Statistics
The Paris metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the EU both in terms of population and GDP.
Currency	Euro (EUR, €) and 7 others
Fiscal year	Calendar year
Trade organisations	WTO, G20, G7 and others
Country group	Developed/Advanced^[1] High-income economy^[2] Welfare state^[3]^[4]^[5]
Population	449,306,184 (EU27, 2024 est.)^[6]
GDP	$20.287 trillion (nominal; 2025)^[7] $29.005 trillion (PPP; 2025)^[7]
GDP growth	0.6% (2023)^[8] 1.0% (2024)^[8] 1.4% (2025f)^[8] 1.7% (2026f)^[8]
GDP per capita	$43,185 (nominal; 2024)^[a] $64,680 (PPP; 2025)^[7]
GDP by sector	Agriculture: 1.7% Industry: 23.3% Services: 65.5% (2023 est.)^[9]
Inflation ( CPI)	6.3% (2023)^[7] 2.6% (2024f)^[7] 2.3% (2025f)^[7] 2.1% (2026f)^[7]
Population below poverty line	21.3% at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE for EU27, 2023)^[10]
Gini coefficient	29.6 low (EU27, 2023)^[11]
Human Development Index	0.903^[b] very high HDI (2022)^[12] 0.829^[b] very high IHDI (2022)^[13]
Labour force	214,195,000 (EU27, 2024 Q4)^[14] 167,385,000 (EA20, 2024 Q4)^[14] 75.3% employment rate (EU27, 2024 Q4)^[14] 75.3% employment rate (EA20, 2024 Q4)^[14]
Labour force by occupation	Agriculture: 5% Industry: 21.9% Services: 73.1% (2014 est.)^[9]
Unemployment	5.7% (EU27, February 2025)^[15] 6.1% (EA20, February 2025)^[15] 14.5% youth unemployment^[c] (EU27, February 2025)^[15]
Average gross salary	€3,417 monthly (2023)^[16]
Average net salary	€2,352 monthly (2023)^[16]
Main industries	Ferrous non-ferrous metal metal products petroleum coal cement chemicals pharmaceuticals aerospace railway equipment automobile construction equipment industrial equipment shipbuilding electrical equipment machine tools automated systems electronics telecommunications equipment fishing food and beverages furniture paper textiles^[9]
External
Exports	$2.797 trillion (2024)^[17]
Export goods	machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, fuels, aircraft, plastics, iron and steel, wood pulp and paper products, alcoholic beverages, furniture
Main export partners	United States 20.6% United Kingdom 13.2% China^[d] 8.3% Switzerland 7.5% Turkey 4.3% (2024)^[18]
Imports	$2.635 trillion (2024)^[17]
Import goods	fuels and crude oil, machinery, vehicles, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, precious gemstones, textiles, aircraft, plastics, metals, ships
Main import partners	China^[d] 21.3% United States 13.7% United Kingdom 6.7% Switzerland 5.6% Norway 4.0% (2024)^[18]
FDI stock	€14.462 trillion (inward, 2023)^[19] €17.021 trillion (outward, 2023)^[19]
Current account	€161.6 billion; 1.1% of GDP (2015)^[20]
Gross external debt	$13.05 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)^[9]
Net international investment position	−€2,557.4 billion; 17.5% of GDP (2015)^[21]
Public finances
Government debt	88.1% of GDP (EU27; 2021)^[22] €12.741 trillion (EU27; 2021)^[22]
Foreign reserves	$0.6 trillion (2010)^[23]
Budget balance	€675.8 billion deficit (EU27; 2021)^[22] −4.7% of GDP (2021)^[22]
Revenues	46.9% of GDP (EU27; 2021)^[22]
Expenses	51.6% of GDP (EU27; 2021)^[22]
Economic aid	donor: ODA, $87.64 billion^[25]
Credit rating	Standard & Poor's:^[26] AA Outlook: Stable Moody's:^[26] AAA Outlook: Stable Fitch:^[26] AAA Outlook: Stable Scope:^[27] AAA Outlook: Stable
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

Source : Wikipedia under CC-BY-SA license

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Economy

Information about the economy--currency, gross domestic product (GDP) and development programs and challenges--of each European country and the economy of the continent as a whole.

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